Ferrocarril

Today's word is: "ferrocarril" = railway

In Spanish, “ferrocarril” is a masculine noun^* which means railway or railroad or even train, and used as in:

• El ferrocarril es un sistema de transporte terrestre (the railway is a ground/ terrestrial transportation system);
• Viajar en ferrocarril es muy cómodo (train/ rail travel is very comfortable);

Some Spanish expressions with the word “ferrocarril” are:

• Estación de ferrocarril (railway station)
• Ferrocarril funicular (cable railway);
• Ferrocarril suburbano (commuter railway network)
• RENFE** (Spanish rail transport operator);
• Taller de ferrocarril (railway/ railroad workshop)

Notes

*The noun “ferrocarril” comes from the joining of the noun ferro -Latin for iron and the noun carril -believed to be also of Latin origin and meaning rut, track, rail or lane.

** RENFE is an acronym of REd Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles or the Spanish National Railways Network.

Love-Spanish.com loves the word "ferrocarril" in the YouTube clip: Tungas - El Ferrocarril

For more on the word "ferrocarril", visit: Wordreference.com/es/en/ Ferrocarril

*NB 'Click' on the speaker icon next to the word “ferrocarril” in the link to hear the word pronounced.

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Tell Me, Who Is Intending Studying Spanish?

Introduction

This post is about verb conjugation -the present tense, indicative mood of irregular verb pensar.

SCENARIO

Imagine you are talking to a relative, friend or colleague about things you are thinking about doing. Hearing that some people are intending studying Spanish, the other person says: "tell me, who is intending studying Spanish?".

In Spanish, the other person could choose to be less formal and say:

Dime, ¿quién piensa estudiar español?

On the other hand, he/ she could choose to be more formal and say:

Dígame, ¿quién piensa estudiar español?

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OUR TIP

Making a sentence which answers that question should be straightforward, but remember:

• Make sure that you conjugate your verb correctly
• Choose between formal or familiar options to suit the occasion -see examples below.

Typical answers could be:

• Yo pienso^* estudiar español (I am intending studying Spanish);
• Tú piensas^* estudiar español, ¿no? (you -familiar are intending studying Spanish, aren't you?);
• Usted piensa^* estudiar español, ¿no? (you -formal are intending studying Spanish, aren't you?);
• Pedro piensa^* estudiar español ( Pedro is intending studying Spanish);
• María piensa^* estudiar español ( Maria is intending studying Spanish);
• Mis amigos y yo pensamos^* estudiar español (my friends and I are intending studying Spanish);
• Vosotros pensáis^* estudiar español, ¿no? (you people -familiar/ plural are intending studying Spanish, aren't you?);
• Ustedes piensan^* estudiar español, ¿no? (you people -formal/ plural are intending studying Spanish, aren't you?);
• Pedro y María piensan^* estudiar español (Pedro and María are intending studying Spanish);

Now you should practise replying to someone who says to you:

Dime, ¿quién piensa estudiar español?

*Please see grammar topic below, Verbs

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Verbs

A verb is a 'doing' word which conveys:

• What action takes place in a sentence
• Who does that action
• When that action occurs.

In addition, the verb may also convey the mood or feelings of the speaker toward the action which takes place. The verb may, for example, indicate whether the speaker is stating a fact, expressing a wish or indeed giving an order.

Irregular Verbs

Verb: pensar

The Spanish verb pensar is irregular^* in some tenses, as shown in the table below:

Tense	Mood	Regular	Irregular
Present	Indicative		✓
Imperfect	Indicative	✓
Preterite	Indicative	✓
Future	Indicative	✓
Conditional	Indicative	✓
Perfect	Indicative	✓
Pluperfect	Indicative	✓
Future Perfect	Indicative	✓
Conditional Perfect	Indicative	✓
Present	Subjunctive		✓
Imperfect	Subjunctive	✓
Perfect	Subjunctive	✓
Pluperfect	Subjunctive	✓

* NB:

• Conjugate tenses in the regular column the same as other regular verbs ending in -ar
• The present tense conjugation/ indicative mood is shown below

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Indicative Mood/ Present Tense - Conjugation

Verb: pensar

Subject		PENSAR (TO THINK)
I	Yo	PIENSO
You	Tú	PIENSAS
You	Usted*	PIENSA
He	Él
She	Ella
We	Nosotros	PENSAMOS
You	Vosotros**	PENSÁIS
You	Ustedes***	PIENSAN
They	Ellos
They	Ellas

*NB More courteous/ polite form of 'you'

**NB 'You' plural

*** NB More courteous/ polite form of 'you' plural

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Verb Conjugation Notes

It is worth remembering once more that in its basic form (infinitive), a Spanish verb is just a general 'doing' word. In that form, a verb simply indicates an action and nothing else. If we want a verb to be more specific about the action in a sentence, we need to conjugate it. It is only when conjugated that the verb indicates:

• Who does the action
• When the action takes place
• The mood/ attitude of the speaker towards the action

The conjugation tables above refer to using conjugation to establish who does the action. What follows below are some notes on establishing when the action takes place and the mood/ attitude of the speaker towards the action.

Subjunctive Mood

The use of subjunctive mood is disappearing English. Nowadays is often viewed as an old and unfashionable form of the language.

In contrast, the use of subjunctive mood is very much alive and in everyday use in Spanish. This widespread use of subjunctive mood tends to be the bane of many a learner of Spanish from the English speaking world.

The concept of subjunctive mood is perhaps best illustrated by contrasting its use against the use of indicative mood with examples in English. The following are a couple of examples which should serve that purpose:

• Indicative mood (“Peter eats an apple”).- Indicative mood is commonly used to make statements of facts or positive beliefs such as this one. As can be seen in the sample sentence (in quotes above), the speaker makes a clear and unambiguous statement of a fact (Peter eats an apple).
• Subjunctive mood (“Peter would eat an apple if he were hungry”).- In contrast with indicative mood, subjunctive mood is commonly used to make statements indicating hypothetical or non-fact actions. As can be seen in the sample sentence (in quotes), in this case the speaker sees the action of eating an apple as something hypothetical, something which may or may not happen (Peter would eat an apple... if he were hungry).

Verb Tenses

Verb tenses relate to setting the time period (when) during which the action of the verb takes place. Basic times (periods) for Spanish verb actions are:

• The past (before now)
• The present (now)
• The future (after now)

Each Spanish verb tense corresponds to one of those basic time periods. In other words choosing a verb tense places the action of the verb in one of those basic periods and determines when the action takes place.

Now you should practise the use of the present tense of the irregular verb pensar with some examples of your own.

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Tell Me, Was It Likely That Someone Would Go With You?

Introduction

This post is about verb conjugation -the imperfect tense, subjunctive mood of irregular verb ir.

SCENARIO

Imagine you are talking to a relative, friend or colleague. You are talking about a past business trip. You went on that trip alone, but the other person wants to know what was the likelihood of that not being the case and says: "tell me, was it likely that someone would go with you?".

In Spanish, the other person could choose to be less formal and say:

Dime, ¿era probable que fuera alguien contigo?

On the other hand, he/ she could choose to be more formal and say:

Dígame, ¿era probable que fuera alguien con usted?

---

OUR TIP

Making a sentence which answers that question should be straightforward, but remember:

• Make sure that you conjugate your verb correctly
• Choose between formal or familiar options to suit the occasion -see examples below.

Typical answers could be:

• No, era probable que fuera^* yo solo (no, it was likely that I would go alone)
• Era probable que tú fueras^* conmigo, ¿no? (it was likely that you -familiar would go with me, wasn't it?)
• Era probable que usted fuera^* conmigo, ¿no? (it was likely that you -formal would go with me, wasn't it?)
• Era probable que Pedro fuera^* conmigo (it was likely that Pedro would go with me)
• Era probable que María fuera^* conmigo (it was likely that Maria would go with me)
• Era probable que tú y yo fuéramos^* juntos, ¿no? (it was likely that you -familiar and I would go together, wasn't it?)
• Era probable que usted y yo fuéramos^* juntos, ¿no? (it was likely that you -formal and I would go together, wasn't it?)
• Era probable que vosotros fuerais^* conmigo, ¿no? (it was likely that you people -familiar/ plural would go with me, wasn't it?)
• Era probable que ustedes fueran^* conmigo, ¿no? (it was likely that you people -formal/ plural would go with me, wasn't it?)
• Era probable que Pedro y María fueran^* conmigo (it was likely that Pedro and María would go with me)

Now you should practise replying to someone who says to you:

Dime, ¿era probable que fuera alguien contigo?

*Please see grammar topic below, Verbs

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Verbs

A verb is a 'doing' word which conveys:

• What action takes place in a sentence
• Who does that action
• When that action occurs.

In addition, the verb may also convey the mood or feelings of the speaker toward the action which takes place. The verb may, for example, indicate whether the speaker is stating a fact, expressing a wish or indeed giving an order.

Irregular Verbs

Verb: ir

The Spanish verb ir is irregular^* in some tenses, as shown in the table below:

Tense	Mood	Regular	Irregular
Present	Indicative		✓
Imperfect	Indicative		✓
Preterite	Indicative		✓
Future	Indicative
Conditional	Indicative
Perfect	Indicative	✓
Pluperfect	Indicative	✓
Future Perfect	Indicative	✓
Conditional Perfect	Indicative	✓
Present	Subjunctive		✓
Imperfect	Subjunctive		✓
Perfect	Subjunctive	✓
Pluperfect	Subjunctive	✓

* NB:

• Conjugate tenses in the regular column the same as other regular verbs ending in -ir
• The imperfect tense conjugation/ subjunctive mood is shown below

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Subjunctive Mood/ Imperfect Tense - Conjugation

Verb: ir

Subject		IR (TO GO)
I	Yo	FUERA / FUESE
You	Tú	FUERAS / FUESES
You	Usted*	FUERA / FUESE
He	Él
She	Ella
We	Nosotros	FUÉRAMOS / FUÉSEMOS
You	Vosotros**	FUERAIS / FUESEIS
You	Ustedes***	FUERAN / FUESEN
They	Ellos
They	Ellas

*NB More courteous/ polite form of 'you'

**NB 'You' plural

*** NB More courteous/ polite form of 'you' plural

---

Verb Conjugation Notes

It is worth remembering once more that in its basic form (infinitive), a Spanish verb is just a general 'doing' word. In that form, a verb simply indicates an action and nothing else. If we want a verb to be more specific about the action in a sentence, we need to conjugate it. It is only when conjugated that the verb indicates:

• Who does the action
• When the action takes place
• The mood/ attitude of the speaker towards the action

The conjugation tables above refer to using conjugation to establish who does the action. What follows below are some notes on establishing when the action takes place and the mood/ attitude of the speaker towards the action.

Subjunctive Mood

The use of subjunctive mood is disappearing English. Nowadays is often viewed as an old and unfashionable form of the language.

In contrast, the use of subjunctive mood is very much alive and in everyday use in Spanish. This widespread use of subjunctive mood tends to be the bane of many a learner of Spanish from the English speaking world.

The concept of subjunctive mood is perhaps best illustrated by contrasting its use against the use of indicative mood with examples in English. The following are a couple of examples which should serve that purpose:

• Indicative mood (“Peter eats an apple”).- Indicative mood is commonly used to make statements of facts or positive beliefs such as this one. As can be seen in the sample sentence (in quotes above), the speaker makes a clear and unambiguous statement of a fact (Peter eats an apple).
• Subjunctive mood (“Peter would eat an apple if he were hungry”).- In contrast with indicative mood, subjunctive mood is commonly used to make statements indicating hypothetical or non-fact actions. As can be seen in the sample sentence (in quotes), in this case the speaker sees the action of eating an apple as something hypothetical, something which may or may not happen (Peter would eat an apple... if he were hungry).

Verb Tenses

Verb tenses relate to setting the time period (when) during which the action of the verb takes place. Basic times (periods) for Spanish verb actions are:

• The past (before now)
• The present (now)
• The future (after now)

Each Spanish verb tense corresponds to one of those basic time periods. In other words choosing a verb tense places the action of the verb in one of those basic periods and determines when the action takes place.

Now you should practise the use of the imperfect tense of the irregular verb ir with some examples of your own.

---

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© Copyright 2015 Love-Spanish.com by Jose M González. All Rights Reserved.

Estación

Today's word is: "estación" = season

In Spanish, “estación” is a feminine noun of Latin origin, which means season or station and is used as in:

• La primavera es la estación llena de vida (spring is a season full of life);
• La estación de lluvias debería haber acabado ya (the rainy season should have finished already)
• Nos bajamos del tren en la estación de Atocha (we got off the train at Atocha station)

The describing word/ adjective “estacional” is a related word meaning seasonal, and is used in:

• Frutas y verduras estacionales (seasonal fruit and veg)

The describing word/ adjective “estacionario” is also a related word meaning stationary, and is used as in:

• Un objeto estacionario (a stationary object)

The action word/ verb “estacionar” is a related word meaning to park, and is used as in:

• Prohibido estacionar (no parking)

The noun “estacionamiento” is also a related word meaning car park/ parking lot or a parking manoeuvre, and is used as in:

• Hay un estacionamiento a la vuelta de la esquina (there is a car park/ parking lot around the corner)
• Tengo que hacer practicas de estacionamiento (I have to practise parking)

Some Spanish expressions with the word “estación” are:

• Estación de autobuses^* (bus station)
• Estación de esquí (ski station/ ski resort)
• Estación de ferrocarril (railway station)
• Estación de policía (police station -Cuba)
• Estación de servicio (service station);
• Estación de tren (railway station)
• Estación espacial (space station)
• Estación^** radiofónica (radio station)
• Estaciones del Via Crucis (Stations of the Cross)
• Fruta de estación (seasonal fruit)
• Verdura de estación (seasonal veg)
• Vestíbulo de la estación del tren (train station waiting lobby/ foyer/ hall)

Notes

*Also known as “estación de buses”

**Also known as “emisora de radio”

Love-Spanish.com loves the word "estación" in the YouTube clip: La5a Estación - El Sol No Regresa

For more on the word "estación", visit: Wordreference.com/es/en/ Estación

*NB 'Click' on the speaker icon next to the word “estación” in the link to hear the word pronounced.

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Spanish lessons online

Skype/ Google+ Hangout/ Facetime

Great lessons

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© Copyright 2015 Love-Spanish.com. by Jose M González. All Rights Reserved.