Introduction
This
post is about the practical use of the negatives in general
and more specifically the use of “no”,
“nada” and “nadie”.
SCENARIO
Imagine
you are talking to a relative, a friend or a colleague. You are
talking about a past event or activity which involved other people.
Maybe you had gone on a day trip to the seaside with other people.
You appear to intimate that some people just wanted to do nothing
(other than travelling there and back). The other person wants to
know who those people were and says to you something like: "tell
me, who wanted to do nothing?".
In
Spanish, he/ she could choose to be less formal and say to you:
Dime,
¿quién no quería hacer nada?
On the
other hand, he/ she could choose to be more formal and say to you:
Dígame,
¿quién no quería hacer nada?
OUR
TIP
The
question is an invitation for you to say who actually wanted to do
nothing. When saying who wanted do something/ nothing, you may
need
to consider different levels of formality for you reply. That
is specifically so when the person you are talking to is referenced
in your answer, either as an individual or as part of a group. In
such cases, you will have to choose between a less formal/ familiar
answer and a more formal
answer. The set of answers below takes that into consideration.
Here are some
examples of how you could reply:
- Yo no quería hacer nada* (I didn't want to do anything);
- Tú no querías hacer nada*, ¿verdad? (you- familiar didn't want to do anything, did you ?);
- Usted no quería hacer nada*, ¿verdad? (you- formal didn't want to do anything, did you?);
- Pedro no quería hacer nada* (Pedro didn't want to do anything);
- Nosotros no queríamos hacer nada* (we didn't want to do anything);
- Vosotros no queríais hacer nada*, ¿verdad? (you- plural/ familiar didn't want to do anything, did you?);
- Ustedes no querían hacer nada*, ¿verdad? (you- plural/ formal didn't want to do anything, did you?);
- Pedro y Ana no querían hacer nada* (Pedro and Ana didn't want to do anything);
- Nadie quería hacer nada* (nobody wanted to do anything);
- No quería hacer nada nadie* (nobody wanted to do anything);
- No quería hacer nadie nada* (nobody wanted to do anything);
Now you should
practise replying to someone who says to you:
Dime,
¿quién no quería hacer nada?
*Please see grammar topic below, the negatives- Nada
Grammar- Negatives
Forming negatives in Spanish is fairly straightforward. The following notes are aimed at outlining some of the options available to form negatives.
1. No
Placing the word 'no' in front of the verb is the easiest way of forming negatives in Spanish. Some examples of this simple method of forming negatives are:
- No puedo ir (I can't go);
- No llamaste a Pedro, ¿verdad? (you didn't call Pedro, did you?);
- No hemos visto tu foto (we haven't seen your photo);
- John y Ann no son hermanos (John and Ann are not brother and sister);
2. Nunca/ Jamás
The Spanish terms 'nunca' and 'jamás' may be used to form negatives in Spanish. They can be used individually or together and alongside 'no' to give an emphasis to negatives. Alternatively, they may also be used on their own to form negatives. Typical arrangements are as follows:
- The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may be used on their own to form negatives. In this arrangement, 'nunca'/ 'jamás' usually stand before the verb. The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may again be used individually or together. However, when used together, they should always be expressed as, 'nunca jamás'. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- Jamás he dicho eso (I have never said that);
- Nunca voy a hablar de eso (I am never going to talk about that);
- Nunca jamás voy a hablar de eso (I am never ever going to talk about that);
- En jamás de los jamases voy a hablar de eso (I am never ever going to talk about that);
- The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may also be used in conjunction with 'no' to qualify or further emphasise negatives. In this arrangement, 'no' usually stands before the verb and 'nunca'/ 'jamás' follow the verb. The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may be used individually or together. However, when used together, they should always be expressed as, 'nunca jamás'. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- No he dicho eso nunca (I have never said that);
- No he dicho nunca eso (I have never said that);
- No voy a hablar de eso jamás (I am never going to talk about that);
- No voy a hablar jamás de eso (I am never going to talk about that);
- No voy a hablar nunca jamás de eso (I am never ever going to talk about that);
- No voy a hablar de eso nunca jamás (I am never ever going to talk about that);
- No voy a hablar de eso en jamás de los jamases (I am never ever, ever going to talk at all about that);
Notes
The use of these 'double/ multiple negatives' gives the expressions an added firmness.
3. Nadie
The Spanish term 'nadie' may be used to form negatives in Spanish. It may also be used on its own or in conjunction with 'no' in negatives. Typical arrangements are as follows:
- The term 'nadie' may be used on its own to form negatives. In this case, 'nadie' is placed before the verb. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- Nadie viaja (nobody travels);
- Nadie me ha llamado (nobody has called me);
- Nadie va a venir (nobody is going to come);
- The term 'no' is placed before the verb with 'nadie' following the verb. This is perhaps the more common arrangement. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- No viaja nadie (nobody travels);
- No me ha llamado nadie (nobody has called me);
- No va a venir nadie (nobody is going to come);
- The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may also be used in conjunction with 'nadie' to qualify or further emphasise negatives. These terms are often used as replacements for 'no' as shown in the examples below:
- Nunca viaja nadie (nobody ever travels);
- Jamás me ha llamado nadie (nobody has ever called me);
- Nunca jamás va a venir nadie (nobody is ever going to come);
- Jamás de los jamases va a venir nadie (nobody is ever going to come at all);
4. Nada
The term 'nada' may be used to form negatives in Spanish. It may also be used on its own or in conjunction with 'no' in negatives. Typical arrangements are as follows:
- The term 'nada' may be used on its own to form negatives. In this case, 'nada' is placed before the verb. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- Nada veo (I see nothing);
- Nada me ha llegado (nothing has arrived for me);
- Nada me han regalado (I have been given nothing -I had to work hard for what I have);
- The term 'no' is placed before the verb with 'nada' following the verb. This is perhaps the more common arrangement. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- No veo nada (I don't see anything/ I see nothing);
- No me ha llegado nada (nothing has arrived for me);
- No me han regalado nada (I have been given nothing);
- The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may also be used in conjunction with 'nada' to qualify or further emphasise negatives. These terms are often used as replacements for 'no' as shown in the examples below:
- Nunca veo nada (I never see anything);
- Jamás me ha llegado nada (never has anything arrived for me);
- Nunca jamás me han regalado nada (I have never ever been given anything -I had to work hard for what I have);
- Jamás de los jamases me han regalado nada (I have never ever been given anything at all);
5. Ni
The Spanish term 'ni' may be used to form negatives in Spanish. It is commonly use to link together two negatives. As such, it is commonly used as follows:
- In pairs as shown in the examples below:
- Ni te veo ni te oigo (I neither see you nor hear you);
- Ni me has llamado ni me has escrito (you have neither called me nor written to me);
- Ni vamos a ir al cine ni al teatro (we are neither going to go to the cinema nor the theatre);
- Paired up with 'no' as shown in the examples below:
- No te veo ni te oigo (I neither see you nor hear you);
- No me has llamado ni me has escrito (you have neither called me nor written to me);
- No vamos a ir al cine ni al teatro (we are neither going to go to the cinema nor the theatre);
6. Tampoco
The Spanish term 'tampoco' may be used to form negatives in Spanish*. It is commonly use to link together negatives. As such, it is commonly used paired up with 'no' as shown in the examples below:
- No te veo y tampoco te oigo (I don't see you and can't hear you either);
- No me has llamado y yo tampoco te he escrito (you have not called me and I have not written to you either);
- Si no voy al cine, ¿tú tampoco vas? (if I am not going to go to the cinema are you not going either?);
Notes
*In Spanish, 'tampoco' ('neither') is only used in negative expressions. Its opposite, 'también' ('also') is never used in negative expressions
7. Ninguno/ Ninguna
The term 'ninguno'/'ninguna' may be used to form negatives in Spanish. Typical situations are as follows:
- The terms 'ninguno'/ 'ninguna' may be used on their own to form negatives. When used in this way, they are placed before the verb. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- Ningún* documento adicional era necesario (no additional document was needed);
- Ninguno de mis amigos va a venir (none of my friends will come);
- Ninguna de aquellas personas se sentó (none of those people sat down);
- The term 'no' is placed before the verb with 'ninguno'/ 'ninguna' following the verb. This is perhaps the more common arrangement. Examples of this form of negatives are:
- No teníamos ningún* documento adicional (we had no additional documents);
- No va a venir ninguno de mis amigos (none of my friends will come);
- No se sentó ninguna de aquellas personas (none of those people sat down);
- The terms 'nunca'/ 'jamás' may also be used in conjunction with 'ninguno'/ 'ninguna' to qualify or further emphasise negatives. These terms are often used as replacements for 'no' as shown in the examples below:
- Nunca fue necesario ningún* documento adicional (no additional documents were ever necessary);
- Jamás vino ninguno de mis amigos (none of my friends ever came);
- Nunca jamás se sentó ninguna de aquellas personas (none of those people ever sat down);
- Jamás de los jamases vino ninguno de mis amigos (none of my friends ever came);
Notes
*When placing the masculine form “ninguno” before a noun, the ending -o should be omitted and an accent placed above the last -u (i.e. “ningún”).
*When placing the masculine form “ninguno” before a noun, the ending -o should be omitted and an accent placed above the last -u (i.e. “ningún”).
Now you should practise the use of the negatives with some examples of your own.
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